Use the following link to answer the questions below:
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookMUSSKEL.html
1. Name the three different types of skeletons and describe the characteristics of each.
2. Make a Venn diagram comparing the human skeleton characteristics and that of an arthropod.
3. What is a girdle? Explain using your own words.
4. Make a table comparing side to side the similarities and differences between compact bone and spongy bone.
5. Make a timeline of the process of bone growth.
6. Describe the different types of joints and give an example for each.
Use the following link to answer the questions below:
http://froggy.lbl.gov/teaching.tool.html
1. Make a Venn diagram of the differences and similarities between a frog skeleton and a human skeleton, be as thorough as possible for full credit!
2. What can you infer from studying the differences and similarities between the frog and human skeleton? Describe three examples comparing the two skeletons on how shape fits function.
Summary:
Think about the different skeletons we have studied in this activity and their differences and similarities. Write a paragraph (at least 5 sentences) defending your opinion on the following statement:
"Skeletal systems differ from species to species as a result of evolution. Different organisms had to adapt to their environments in order to survive thus the emergence of variations amongst the skeletal systems occured."
5 comments:
By: Emily Lopez
1. Exoskeletons-are fluid-filled body cavities and help the movement of the body throught body and muscle contraction.
Hydrolastic Skeletons-cause the movement as well as maintain the shape of animals.
Endoskeletons-composed of bone and or cartilage. Muscles are on the outside of the exoskeleton.
2.
HUMAN SKELETON: Do not have exoskeletons, exoskeletons do not restrict growth,
SIMILARITIES: Bones and muscles used for movement and and contraction, have joints
Arthropods-exoskeletons restrict movement, shed exoskeletons
3. A girdle is the area where bones fight together like the pelvic girdle. A girdle is an arch in the body where another bone fits perfectly supported by muscle, tendons, ligaments and cartilage.
4.
Compact Bone & Spongy Bone Similarities:
-both are types of bones
-both are prone to fractures
Compact Bone & Spongy Bone Differences:
-Compact Bone has a series of Haversian canals and monitor the osteocyes.
-Spongy Bone has yellow marrow at the center of these bones. The spongy bones are less dense than compact bone.
5.
(1.) cartilage is deposited early in development into shapes resembling the bones-to-be. Cells inside the cartilage grow and begin distributing minerals.
(2.) Spongy bone forms and osteoblasts attach and lay down the mineral portions of the spongy bone.
(3.) Osteoblasts remove material from the center of the bone and form the central cavity of long bones.
(4.) The perichondrium forms around the cartilage and begins forming compact bone. Blood vessels form and grow into the perichondrium transporting stem cells into the interior.
(5.) Two bands of cartilage remain as the bone develops one at each end of the bone.
(6.) Bones begin to mature.
6.
Immovable Joints-have edges that tightly interlock. ex. cranial bones.
Partly Movable Joints-allow some degree of felxibility and usually have cartilage between the bones. ex. vertebrae
Synovial Joints-permit the greatest degree of flexibility and have the ends of bones covered with connective tissue filled with synovial fluid. ex. hip
1. Hydrolastic Skeletons- They can cause movement and help maintain the shape of animals.
Exoskeletons- They help body movement and muscle contraction.
Endoskeletons- The muscles are on the outside of the exoskeleton and they are made up of bone and cartilage.
2. Arthropods- They shed exoskeletons and restrict movement.
Similarites- They both have muscles bones, and joints that are used for contraction and movement.
Human Skeleton- They don't restrict growt and do not have exoskeletons.
3. It is a bone that unites the upper and lower body parts to the axial skeleton.
4. Compact Bone- forms the shafts of long bones. It is dense and looks smooth and homogeneous.
Spongy bone- It forms the inner layer. It is composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space.
Similarities- They are both different types of bones.
5. (1. Cartilage is deposited in early development and resembles bones to be. The cells in the cartilage distributes minerals.
(2. Spongy bones start to form and osteoblasts lay down and attach the minerals.
(3. Osetoblasts form the central cavity of long bones and remove material.
(4.The perichondrium forms around the cartilage and begins forming compact bone. Blood vessels grow into the perichondrium and transport stem cells into the interior.
(5. Cartilage has two bands remaining which develops at each end of the bone.
(6. Bones gradually begin to mature.
6. Synovial joints- have the greatest degree of flexibility and have bone ends covered with connective tissue which is filled with synovial fluid. An example is the hip.
Immovable Joints- Have edges that tightly interlock. An example is cranial bones.
Partly Movable joints- have a degree of flexibility and sometimes have cartilage between the bones. An example is the vertebrae.
[Froggy]
1. Similarities- They both have tarsals, pelvic girdles, skull, humerus, metatarsals, carpals, metacarpals, and tibia and fibia.
Differences- They are different because the frogs skull is bigger and where the breaks are at the arms and legs. They way they stay bent at that area is different.
2. I can infer that they way they walk and move is different from a human skeleton.
Since Im a creationist, I believe that God wanted to make different skeletons so the animal or humans could interact better with their environment. If everything was made the same way, then there wont be many variety of animals. I think God wanted diversity and created different skeletons. I think skeletons help things survive and addapt.
BETHANY RUPERT.
1. Hydrostatic skeletons consist of fluid-filled closed chambers.
Exoskeletons are hard segments that cover the muscles and visceral organs.
Endoskeleton composed of bone and/or cartilage.
2. DIFFERENCES: Exoskeleton are characteristics of an insect.
Endoskeleton are characteristics of a human.
SIMILARITIES: Both have muscles and joints.
3. The bony arch by the clavicle that attaches it to the scapula and rest of body.
4. DIFFERENCES: Compact bone forms shafts of bones & Spongy bone forms inner layer.
Spongy bone is less dense than Compact bone.
SIMILARITIES: Both have yellow marrow.
5. Bone formation (ossifying cartilage, blood vessels forming), marrow cavity forming, growth plates more bone formation, bone marrow, then mature bone.
6. There are three types of joints: immovable, partly movable, and synovial.
Immovable, have edges that tightly interlock. Ex: the cranial bones.
Partly movable joints allow some degree of flexibility and usually have cartilage between the bones. Ex: vertebrae.
Synovial joints permit the greatest degree of flexibility and have the ends of bones covered with a connective tissue filled with synovial fluid. Ex: hip.
1. Exoskeletons, endoskeletons, and hydrostatic skeletons.
Exoskeleton- hard, jointed, external covering that covers the muscles and organs. It allows the body to move through muscle contraction
Endoskeleton-made up of bone and or cartilage, and the muscles are outside of the it
Hydrostatic- fluid-filled closed chambers that support and shape the body
2.(on paper)
3. A girdle is a bone with an arch that connects limbs to the rest of the body and the pelvic girdle specifically supports our upper body weight.
4.(on paper)
5." "
6. The three types of joints are immovable, party movable, and synovial joints.
Immovable- have edges that tightly interlock ex:the joints that connect the cranium bones
Partly movable-allow some flexiblity and usually have some cartilage in between bones. Ex: vertebrae
Synovial-allow the most flexibility, and the ends of the bones are covered with connective tissue that is filled with synovial fluid. Ex:hip
------------------------
1.(on paper)
2.The frog has no need for a wide pelvic girdle because if it is a female it will lay eggs not like the way a human gives birth.Also, by the length of the frogs front legs it will not need arm-like limbs to take hold of things instead it uses its tongue.Humans need long arms for movement and upper body activity, and also for grasping things. A frog's head does not turn that much because it does not have a neck vertebrae, and its head is not supported as much as a human head is. The human head rests on a neck, but a frog has a small body and its head does not be held up by much.
1. Hydrolastic Skeletons- They can cause movement and help maintain the shape of animals.
Exoskeletons- They help body movement and muscle contraction.
Endoskeletons- The muscles are on the outside of the exoskeleton and they are made up of bone and cartilage.
2. Arthropods- They shed exoskeletons and restrict movement.
Similarites- They both have muscles bones, and joints that are used for contraction and movement.
Human Skeleton- They don't restrict growt and do not have exoskeletons.
3. It is a bone that unites the upper and lower body parts to the axial skeleton.
4. Compact Bone- forms the shafts of long bones. It is dense and looks smooth and homogeneous.
Spongy bone- It forms the inner layer. It is composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space.
Similarities- They are both different types of bones.
5. (1. Cartilage is deposited in early development and resembles bones to be. The cells in the cartilage distributes minerals.
(2. Spongy bones start to form and osteoblasts lay down and attach the minerals.
(3. Osetoblasts form the central cavity of long bones and remove material.
(4.The perichondrium forms around the cartilage and begins forming compact bone. Blood vessels grow into the perichondrium and transport stem cells into the interior.
(5. Cartilage has two bands remaining which develops at each end of the bone.
(6. Bones gradually begin to mature.
6. Synovial joints- have the greatest degree of flexibility and have bone ends covered with connective tissue which is filled with synovial fluid. An example is the hip.
Immovable Joints- Have edges that tightly interlock. An example is cranial bones.
Partly Movable joints- have a degree of flexibility and sometimes have cartilage between the bones. An example is the vertebrae.
[Froggy]
1. Similarities- They both have tarsals, pelvic girdles, skull, humerus, metatarsals, carpals, metacarpals, and tibia and fibia.
Differences- They are different because the frogs skull is bigger and where the breaks are at the arms and legs. They way they stay bent at that area is different.
2. I can infer that they way they walk and move is different from a human skeleton.
Since Im a creationist, I believe that God wanted to make different skeletons so the animal or humans could interact better with their environment. If everything was made the same way, then there wont be many variety of animals. I think God wanted diversity and created different skeletons. I think skeletons help things survive and addapt.
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